Pear Eastern Anatolia Region, Upper Murat-Van Division, Suphan and Nemrut built on a plateau located between the mountains, depending on province of Bitlis, a district with a population of 34 000.
Asia to Anatolia (Therefore, Europe) from the presence on the roads, according to Eastern Anatolia, mild climate, fertile land, building, building material suitable for making every period of history with the ignimbrite rock and water resources in the region has attracted the attention of the great powers. For this reason, in the process of occupation and plunder, which is always an important settlement was established on the territory of Ahlat advanced civilizations historical monuments, has led to the disintegration of changing each hand.
Especially when combined with a long period of history, the most important historical witness of the Turks in Anatolia edinmelerindeki traces of that period, which was formed with great care to protect Ahlat 1000 years, although mysteriously resisted oblivion as they are leaving, "I am a Witness to the most important Anatolian Turkish history here. "repeating the message has stopped. Unhatched care about the sound of hundreds of years, the house should be the most beloved son of the street, was left to its own devices.

The first serious work on the history of the Republican period, the author of Ahlat Beygü Abdurrahim Sheriff: "I always asarımızın the date of this national presence and so rich that stores memories and menabiini bosom a little city in Anatolia, I can say that the degree of Ahlat may occur. "He says. Beygü treasures that are worth the same in his book History of the Turks in the Turkish world that hangs mahkukatın irfanınca so far is less well-known is impossible not to be touched. "He as a historian for the promotion of Ahlat have done their part and 'Ahlat Inscriptions' and hundreds of his work After years of Ahlat presented to those interested in the history of the first works in this way Anatolian Turkish.

Ahlat, Urartu Urartu, and there has not been a serious research for the prior period. Beygü; Urartu or Lortho Orarto Oarai Turan describes his people, and BC In 900, he writes that the dominant Ahlat coming from the east. Tuşba Urartu (Van) made the city their capital. However, we know that they Anatolia, Assyrian domination of Urartu. For this reason, Ahlat, Urartian presence of the pre-dominance of the Assyrian Empire in Anatolia gerekir.Urartu struggle for domination of thought dominated the weak part of the BC locations From the 6th century BC Meds passed into the hands Ahlat Med 6.yüz from the year before, and then pass under the sovereignty of the Persians.
Winning the war between the Persians and Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia Alexander the Great, together with the Anatolian lands in the hands of the Persians is dominated by the Ahlat. BC 328 Alexander satrap of Babylon Slevkos'a Ahlat connected, then passes into the hands of the Parthians. After the split of the Roman Empire Ahlat 395 Great Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine imp.) Domination involved in land area.

639-640 region since the Arab Muslim Caliph who want to take control of the Empire. Iyaz commander Omar Bin Al-Jazeera Ganem, commander Khaled Bin al-Walid sends this area. Pear in this way is conquer. City back into the hands of the Eastern Roman Empire was weakened Abbasid rule. Since 1040 the descendants of Seljuk Bey provides the foundation of the Great Seljuk State Tugrul Bey and Ibrahim Yinal, Azerbaijan and neighborhood capturing Ahlat same forces also seized more.
Changed hands from time to time between the Eastern Roman Empire and the Islamic Pear, one passes into the hands of South-East Anatolia Mervanis who founded a principality in Anatolia who migrated from Asia since 1061 and is captured by the Turks who wish to obtain a homeland for themselves.
Ahlat established in Anatolia Turkish forces that wish to obtain other parts of Anatolia raided the garrison base here. Disturbed inside the Anatolian Turks in Anatolia and the Eastern Roman Empire, this progress in the struggle for dominance of these two great power in 1071 and the Egyptian Fatimids conquered Aleppo savaşmışlardır.Alp Armstrong walking on the Byzantine envoy to the Pear, the cities of Ercis and Menbiç asked for immediate delivery. Alp Arslan Bey refused the request of the Byzantine armies in Ahlat Afsin wanted to learn about. Situation had not yet come to learn the Armenian commander of the sultan who thinks that the Emperor Basil (Basileuks) sent. However, these forces captured the garrison Ahlat and murder by means of a not so im-posed that, the Emperor did not have anyone to tell. Ahlat Ahlat and the garrison made in 1071 is of great importance in this war. War, the geographical area is analyzed, which set out Ahlat the Eastern Roman army of the Seljuk forces waiting for them in the plain of Manzikert The first war between the Ahlat - Manzikert likely to be made between the hilly areas. Ahlatlıların take a big booty that result from winning the war to the war Alparslan sağladı.Ardından Pear, depending on the Seljuks connected to the orders of Diyarbakir. These orders are to persecution on them by Alp Arslan cousin, the Emir of Merent İsmail asked for help. Ismail is famous for justice and the rule Ahlat orders Sokman'ı appointed vizier. In this way, tuck - Sekmen-by-Sökmen since 1100 due to the Seljuks Ahlat Ahlat Shah (also called Sökmen Shah Shah or Armenian.) Was established.

1100 - 1207 during Shah Ahlat Ahlat ongoing between those who dominate the list
Stick a hand polar 1100 - 1112
Abraham Zahireddin 1112 - 1127
Ahmed 1127 - 1128
Nureddin 2.Sokman 1128 to 1183
Back Timur Seyfeddin 1183 - 1193
Badr White Sungur Hezar Dinari 1193 - 1198
Şucaeddin Kutluğ 1198 - 1198
Mehmed Mansur Melik'ül 1198 - 1206
Balaban Izzeddin 1206 - 1207

Manzikert was founded shortly after the victory, and the period of Shah Ahlat Ahlat "golden age" to bring INI. During this period, the west Ahlat Diyarbakır, Erzurum, ranging over a wide area in the East dominates. Adorned with precious works of Turkish Culture in the City. This day Abri village in the district of fuzzy knowledge Ahlat slot. Abri and Ahlat Ahlat in the name of science, scientists all over the world show the nest grows. Pear, Balkh and Bukhara (some sources Merv) Kubbet'ul with Islam (Islam's Dome) when anılır.O the population was around 300 000.

The major cities of the Middle Ages in Baghdad, Aleppo, Damascus, Cairo, Mosul, whatever it was, he was Ahlat. Because of these cities, there are also separate dates Ahlat as it is written. Ebilmutahhari Ibn al-Ansari 'written by, received from the source by Ebilfeda "Ahlat History" book where unfortunately, is not known at this time. After the city fell into the hands Şahlar'dan pear Ayyubids. In the meantime, a large influx from the East to the West begins. Deploying all the forces of the Mongols in Anatolia headway in sight. They came to the front of fleeing Ahlat Harzem Mengübirti surround the city of Shah Jalal.
Alaaddin Keykubat Celaleddin'e greatest ruler of the Seljuks; precious vizier Kemalettin Kamıyar'ı Ahlat sending ambassadors to remove the siege. Celaleddin'e "ascetic scholar and the land of the Turkish occupation and the culture of this beautiful city kazandırmayacağını him something severely damaged or destroyed, by combining forces against the Mongols in two of them would be better off driving to the east of Asia, the Seljuk army Ahlat him every assistance in lifting the siege will "tell. However, Kars and Ani, who have great fame in the Islamic world for saving Georgians Harzem Jalaluddin Shah, refusing to forward this proposal in a manner far from görüşlülükten Ahlat captured. City is destroyed by looting three days. On top of that flat-Çimen'de Seljuk army defeated them walking on the Şahlar'ın Harzem (1230) that the collision of two of the Turkish army from Anatolia to the Mongols makes it easy to plunder. Harzem Jalal al-Din Shah, Ahlat and Erzurum undertaken against these movements caused him to lose his reputation in the Islamic world.

Pear, Harzem Shah, the ruler of the Mongol Hulagu, then commander of the invasion and occupation and looting of the history of Sukal 1258 Buğa'nın the good old days of the date can not go any more. Remains a small Anatolian Turkish town. Karakoyunlu dominated by the armies of Tamerlane is finished. Maksut Akkoyunlu Uzun Hasan's son, his son Rustem Rustem and his son Emir Bayindir Ahlat revived during the Turkish history kümbetlerle adorned with rare works. Caldiran expedition reached him near to the Yavuz Sultan Selim Tercan Ahlatlılar "ancestry graves" asked Ahlat yaptırmasını a castle. Sultan Selim I ordered this request to a castle Ahlat positive finding. From time to time also in the hands of governments Ahlat Suleiman the Magnificent Gifts from Iran during the campaign (in 1533) re-connected to the Ottomans. Suleiman the Magnificent Castle Ahlat to strengthening and an inner fortress of the Sultan ordered the expedition Revan 4 vermiştir.1635 yılnda Murat Ahlat suffered Karmuç (Yeniköprü) also visited the graves of staying Ahlat ancestry. With Iran in 1639 after the Treaty of Qasr-i Shirin eastern borders is no longer a very long time away from the grandeur of history has not changed, and although Ahlat always remained under Ottoman rule. Suffered by the Russian occupation in 1914, escaped in February 21, 1916.

Connected to the Division of Administrative county of Van in 1929 during the Republican Period, from 1936, became the center of a district of the county of Bitlis.

Which is an important base in the center of Anatolia and Anatolia Turkish incursions Eternal Turkish territory, which play important roles in the occurrence of Ahlat too, expects to be recognized with its historical sites hosted bosom.
I. DISTRICT OF
BEFORE THE TURKISH CONQUEST A-AHLAT
1-Ahlat Origin of name
A legend about the origin of the name among the people Ahlat are still ongoing. This is the legend, "this exceptional shore of Lake Van, the reigning King of Urartu" Lat "Med dayanamayınca attacked the city gets serious wounds in the dream, and the monarch. His father put his head to the directory ruler's daughter, "Oh!" Pulling the thin shedding tears. Her "Ah! Lat, Ah! Lat "I cry rising, MED will continue until the entry into the city. King of Urartu died a much loved, but unknowingly gave its name to the city. "
Of course yakıştırılmış a myth but rather pleasant. Islamic literature, as well as the county name "Hilat referred to as".
2-Ahlat various Domination
Açsından historical monuments in Turkey, perhaps the presence of an unprecedented Ahlat BC town location. Until 1500 uzanmaktadır.Asurlular 'hackneyed one end of the city, which then goes back to the Urartu. Is the name of this period. The city's most ancient inhabitants, the Urartu here "Halads" Armenians "Şaleat" Assyrians "Kelath" Arabs "Hil'at", Iranians and Turks "Ahlat" they said.
Individual Paleolithic artifacts dated to the Bronze Age period Ahlat available. This period has not been investigated in a scientific manner as a base. City MÖ.9.yy. 'that put an end to the domination of Assyria and Urartu Urartu came under the domination of the city MÖ.6.yy. it until continued. There is no much information about this period.
MÖ.600 Medlilerin and the Persians in the Persian domination in Anatolia, who then ruled the city, so Greklilerin rule of Alexander the past, then girmiştir.Bu Port domination of the Byzantine period, also after the split of Rome, and Rome which was dominated by the Byzantine city conquering armies of Islam under the rule of the Gregorian stayed here in 641.

3-Islamic Period
City Hz. Iyaz during Umar bin Ganem conquered by the conqueror Jazeera came under the sovereignty of the Islamic State (641). Accordance with the tax treaty agreed to wild pear ruler, and this treaty Hz. In Eastern Anatolia, in action during Osman Habib b. Has been approved by Mesleme. Hz. The killing of Uthman, the Prophet. Mixed well, and finally the Prophet through Ali era. From the death of Muawiyah Ahlat during internal turmoil, but the people rebelled against Umayyad governor Jazeera Muhammad b. Strongly condemned by Marwan. Thus, the governor of the region is connected Jazeera. Governor of Azerbaijan surgeon b. Defeated and killed Abdullah Hazar drop in Ardebil caliph Hisham b. Said Abd al stud farm has Hazarlarla combat officer (730-31). Haras from Ahlat not open its doors in the city named after a severe muhasaradan.
Ahlat the local dynasties such as the Abbasid period were ibka the same administrative structure is preserved. At this time we see yaygınlaştırdıklarını Kharijite activities around Mosul and Diyarbakir. Ahlat from time to time their attacks remained ma'ruz. Local administrators 851'de remain incapable of Van Lake and the surrounding events that Samerra'dan sent to suppress the rebels head of the Big Bull Moses b. Capture and re-established in this region, harmony and düzenliği Zürare'yi. The Byzantines took over the weakening of the rule of the Abbasid city 928'de. After that, Ahlat X. century. a Kurdish dynasty who ruled at the end of Mervanoğulları.

B-after the Turkish conquest AHLAT
1-Seljuk period,
Except when the Turks in Anatolia Ahlat Van, Ercis, Manzikert, the Byzantines ruled all of the cities in the region, such as Bargiri, respectively. The Prophet pear. Omar was dominated by the Muslims since the time may change from time to time. Turkish incursions against this region VIII. century. also known that. During this period, the Byzantine power was dominant here, and these regions were held exploratory movements. As inserts in the military struggle with the Byzantine Syria, Al-Jazeera was the tip of your Eastern Anatolia. End of the two major city in eastern Anatolia and Erzurum Ahlat.
From the date prior to the date of 1071 is probably 1040 Pear, Anatolia has been frequented by the Turkmen. Brain 1018'de Call an exploration campaign in the country is doing in order to obtain the shores of Lake Van, where you defeated the Byzantine commander Senekherim'i fethedilebileceğine around here on that, and then turning to his brother Tugrul Bey Maveraünnehr'e historical record notes that information.
Turkmen Bey continued these raids. Even after the conquest of 1040 Dandanakan victory came from Anatolia at the beginning of the essential places. In achieving this goal was established after the Great Seljuk State which is subject to 1040'dan Turkmen Tribes occurs when lack of space to be provided to them on these heights Andolu directed to spoil the movements exist. So here they carry to the Turkmen clans of the intention here to see a part of the country around the most important factor to facilitate the conquest of Anatolia that has been settled.
Inflicted a severe defeat on the Byzantines in 1048 Hasankale Ibrahim Yinal glory. Tugrul Bey besieged Manzikert in 1054, but came out of Ahlat Ahlat alamadı.Sultan during the reign of Alp Arslan serves as a base saw expeditions organized by Anatolia Seljuk State. In 1066 the Seljuk Sultan Alparslan Gumustekin, Commander, Afşin and Ahmetşah successful raids into Anatolia, which by that time had become a Turkish garrison returned to Ahlat.
Ahlat Manzikert Sultan Alp Arslan conquered by going here. Ezra İbn'ül rich spoils of Manzikert Ahlatlıların return and after participating in Victory of the city is managed by the governors appointed by the Sultan Alp Arslan notes.

a-Ahlatşahlar Period (1100-1208)
Artukid, Danişmendoğulları, Mengücekoğulları and Saltukoğulları Ahlatşahlar as the first Turkish-Islamic sultanate established in Anatolia. Kutbeddin'in Malik Shah, the son of the founder of the Turkish race Yakuti'nin a slave of his uncle and therefore his "Sökmen-hand polar called" Sökmendir. As mentioned, this is due to the founder of the principality was established Sökmenids Ermanşahlar or Ahlatşahlar is also called as geographic location. Ahlatşahlar, Ahlat to be center of Ercis, Adilcevaz, Silvan, Manzikert, Mush, Van, Muradiye, hawthorn, Eleşgirt, Tatvan, Behold, Erzen and hükmediyorlardı cities of Tabriz.
The most brilliant period of Turkish rule during this period due to the abundance of living Ahlat mamurluğu sources, but can be compared to Egypt, respectively. During this period, trained Ahlat science, religion, culture and arts leaders, Sufi ascetics with and had a very exceptional place. Because of this feature by comparison with the city of Bukhara and Balkh in the Muslim world in the name of Kubbe't-ul-Islam was the third town. In 1046 the famous traveler Nasir-i-Husrev who travel to Egypt, Ahlat been on the road, and here in Arabic, Persian and Armenian spoken in his notes. However, this situation has changed and where the period of Ahlatşahlar Turck and Persian languages ​​were spoken by the people. Among these Kurdish zikredilmeyişi önemlidir.Ahlat XIII. century. 'traders in the rich, vast and full of bazaars, art, and a variety of skills, charity, and has been described as plenty of fruits, gardens shown in the size of the city of Damascus. XIII. century. 'or the occurrence of an earthquake that destroyed this place and from here a matter of 120 thousand households in Cairo göçtüğü incident to show the size of this place many regarded as strange situation in Damascus.
The large number of tradesmen and craftsmen in the city that makes you feel strongly influence the social and political life occurred ahi organization. In addition, plenty of orchards and gardens, and meyvacılığı Hamdullah Kazvini Ahlat Ilhanlılar good that every year 51 500 dinars notes that tax. During this period, Erzurum, 22 thousand, 21 thousand dinars Bayburt into account the tax paid by the rich city of Ahlat and how we can better understand Ma'mur. Of course, the most important reason for this Ahlat commercial and cultural wealth. In parallel, Ahlat "Fityan called" an organized associations of craftsmen and artisans were established. This is a first in Anatolia.
This enormous wealth during Ahlatşahlar reached Ahlat attracted the attention of other states, and so was the scene of struggles for dominance of many state Ahlat. After this period, the first of these struggles and the fight was between the Ayyubids Ahlatşahlar with the victory of the Ayyubid dynasty and resulted in the mixing Ahlatşahların'da date (1207-1208).
After this date, in 1229 Pear, Jalal al-Din, and eight-month siege, the city was besieged by Khorezm captured and plundered. This is a disaster for three days göraülmemiş continued. This is a large part of the population died during the siege, some of them were scattered right and left, leaving the city. Sultan Celaleddin'in glory and fame in the Islamic world to take this expedition took him.
Town, with the loss of this eminent Alaleddin Harzemşah'm Jalaluddin Keykubat engaged in war ravaged Yassıçemen is dated 1230, and finally fled the mountains of Meyyafarikin öldürülmekle paid. State of the Seljuk Sultan Keykubat Turkey on the one hand to Tbilisi after that victory, extending the boundaries of the state on the other hand put an end to the domination of the Ayyubid Sökmen province Pear, Bitlis, Van, Adilcevaz, conquered places like Manzikert. Khorezm and the Mongol Sultan Alaeddin have ridden a city that has become derelict Ahlat revised zoning and housing. In this way, the safety and welfare of Ahlat began trading activities came to life again. Mongol Mongol defeat of 1243, this recovery was hampered, however, flock and raids, destruction and killings of civil sukutu was the completion of the factors. Seized by Hulagu in 1243 until 1335, the city administration kalmıştır.Bütün Despite Ilkhans Olcaytu Ahlat seems to be in the center of a state. Buddha kept us show that at that time the importance of Ahlat. After the death of Abu Sa'id Bahadir Khan (1335) struggles beginning of the Mongols in Ahlat greatly damaged.

2-Karakoyunlu and Akkoyunlus Period
After the disintegration of the Ilkhanid Empire changed hands between the governors and orders Ahlat Karakoyunlu between 1451-1462 were looting and tahriplerine ma'ruz. Mirza Shah Jahan in 1462 Karakoyunlu from the date of Uzun Hasan Bey Akkoyunlu took place. It did not take long, however, control over the ten Ahlat. In 1473, the Battle of Sultan Mehmed Uzun Hasan defeated the etmesiyle Otlukbeli Akkoyunlu domination over the region and the surrounding erdi.Ahlat Akkoyunlular'dan sovereignty passed into the hands of the Safavids almost no information is available on this subject.
3-Ottoman Period
Caldiran made by Shah Ismail Selim Han period as a result of the war came under Ottoman domination Ahlat (1514). After this date, a new era began for the Ahlat. Yavuz, a castle was built here after the conquest of the edge of the lake. This castle is grown during the campaigns of the Iraqi order of Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent. This castle from Ottomans are Iskender Pasha Mosque and the Mosque of Mahmud Qazi with bath. In addition, there is a neighborhood within the castle is known by the name of the Castle District.
Gifts from the Ottoman reign of Suleiman the Magnificent precisely into the city takes place at the end of campaign. At the end of this time, Pear, Adilcevaz and Ercis into the Ottoman rule. However, after a while these places again captured Shah Tahmasb attempt at damage here (1548). V. Approximately forty-year-long struggle of the Ottoman-Safavid signed in 1555 ended with the Treaty of Amasya. But for various reasons, the Mongol invasion the city began to lose from the Safavid and Ottoman times the magnitude of the basin of Lake Van, the city has become dull. While a provincial center of Van Ahlat Adilcevaz became a district of Sandzak. Verily in this are quite large share of invasions and earthquakes.
It is not easy to be an important city. Throughout the history of the city is a major shortage Ahlat attracted. Especially due to an earthquake that occurred between 1246 and 1275-1276 Ahlat ruin.
In fact, a few years after the Treaty of Amasya Ahlat pathetic state of the essay is clear. According to the figures given in the book of the population of the city soldiers, clergy, except for other vazifeliler and is estimated to be around 1600.
Pear after the Tanzimat Van Van province, starboard, II. Bitlis province during the reign of Abdulhamid is connected (1892-93).
I. Our knowledge is very limited for the period of World War II. We learn from the memories of the people living on our knowledge of this period. For example, the first More than 2,000 killed in World War Ahlat mentioned in the memories again. On the one hand, during and after the war the Russians attacked on the one hand, and the massacre of the Armenians who fled persecution in other provinces migrated to the local people, it is with a heavy heart. Even the 93 people who migrated Ahlat Taking a caravan Urfa Urfa arrived barely a thousand memories is mentioned again fell 13-14 people.
In 1916 the first Jahan passed through the Russians at a time when war could continue at a brisk pace Ahlat concludes by plunder. Towards evening shortly after Russian troops approaching the city combined with the actual troops took position at the entrance Ahlat. In the twilight of the evening, the view from across the street is great. An army of giant, even without the need of hiding itself stands tall right in front of the Russians.
The Russian commander orders an intense barrage begins. However, no movement on the opposite side there is no futile. What flee nor hidden. Despite all this lead even kıpırdamazlar places. View from the order to fire is repeated, but the other does not change. On the morning of the Russian army of darkness and put koyulaşmasıyla stop the fire starts.
Spend shocked to see the first light of the day across the landscape. Husband man bigger than the Russian Army durduranlar each gravestone.
This is not a story I. Ahlat World War occurred and still is a fact that there has been described. Witnesses work of art with each one of the gravestones and traces of lead. Fall into this ridiculous situation, the Russians into feelings of hatred against tombstones and monuments that beautiful grilles use roads opened. This is a great destructions graves, but do not take more than a year after the occupation of the territory of cemeteries that will leave even been defeated.

4 - The Republican Period
Not able to reach the source of information and documents related to this period. Again, try to provide information about the period, acting in the light of the memories. History of loyalty to the state and nation to protect each circuit Pear, I. World War by the Russians and Armenians, and the need for these characteristics of the persecution, slaughter and were subjected to torture. Showing the usefulness of the national struggle in the cities Ahlat again. Because of this attitude, even Ahlat and Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Ahlatlı'nın here twice and Ahlatli greeting telegram has been sent. However, copies of these telegrams is currently available.